External Factors in a Country Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outer Factors in a Country - Assignment Example It was unmistakably apparent that the environment of political disturbance influenced the securities exchanges seriously. Including the fuel, the Chinese and the British relations weakened further placing the business sectors in danger. By then of time, the market was additionally nervous about the increasing US loan fees and in addition, the deadlock that beat the fair changes between the Hong Kong and China sent caused the dealers to feel somewhat shaky. Hang Seng got a great deal of outside cash in the time of 1992-1993 from various speculators everywhere throughout the world, which could support the market, in any event somewhat. Be that as it may, numerous dealers contended that the financial specialists had made colossal ventures peering toward the monetary blast in China and not Hong Kong itself. They felt that the speculators were hoping to put resources into China by means of the portions of the blue-chip organizations in Hong Kong. To a huge degree, their theory appears to be directly right now, in light of the fact that, at when there was supreme political flimsiness in the Hong Kong advertise, no speculator would’ve approach to put resources into Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s representative had proposed to proceed with the appointive changes set forward by the British government had been straight away by China and had, actually, chafed them by and large, in this manner flagging the separation. Under such conditions, it is excessively guileless for one to anticipate that the financial exchange should be working admirably.

Formal and Informal Communication Essay

1.The most conspicuous nature of an individual is the powerful and significant method of correspondence. People have a one of a kind and very much grew method of bestowing or exchanging considerations, conclusions, or data by discourse, composing, or signs. Correspondence is settled yet restricted among people as well as in creatures and in synthetic machines, for example, PCs Communication 2.The word correspondences originates from a Latin word â€Å"Communis † which intends to share. One meaning of correspondence is â€Å"any act by which one individual provides for or gets from someone else data about that person’s needs, wants, recognitions, information, or full of feeling states. Correspondence might be purposeful or unexpected, may include ordinary or eccentric signs, may take semantic or nonlinguistic structures, and may happen through spoken or different modes. † Styles of Communication 3.There can be two general classes of correspondence, in view of the style of correspondence. They are classified as formal and casual interchanges that have their own arrangement of trademark highlights. For straightforwardness of comprehension, it just relies upon the circumstance and the association or an individual engaged with that chain of correspondence. On the off chance that some high positioning authorities or characters are included or some esteemed associations are tended to, the substance and the matter of the correspondence will be formal in its language and arranging. For instance our correspondence or letters to the Air Headquarters will contrast in wording and organization from a note that we jot on a draft bit of paper an email that we keep in touch with our ordinary companions. 4.There are various circumstances in our day by day life that include parcel of correspondence and correspondence. Notwithstanding, where no high positioning organizations or characters are engaged with that chain, the correspondence styles and arrangement utilized can be very informa. 5.There are explicit prerequisites and some broad standards regarding how and when there is a need of a formal or a casual method of correspondence. There are the two advantages and sick impacts of the two sorts of interchanges. For additional elaboration both the circumstances are discussed. Formal Communication 6.Formal correspondence incorporates all circumstances where correspondence needs to happen in a set conventional organization. This can incorporate a wide range of business correspondence, corporate correspondence or government official correspondence. The style of correspondence in this structure is formal and authority. Official gatherings, gatherings and composed notices and corporate letters are utilized for correspondence. At the point when two individuals meet just because, the manner in which they speak with one another can likewise be totally formal. Subsequently formal correspondence is direct, official and consistently exact and has a severe and unbending tone to it. Correspondence happens through the proper channels of the association structure along the lines of power built up by the administration. Such interchanges are commonly recorded as a hard copy and may take any of the structures, strategy, manuals, systems and rule books, memoranda, official gatherings, reports, and so on. 7.Advantages of Formal CommunicationThere are unquestionably a few favorable circumstances of formal correspondence: (a)They help in the obsession of duty and (b)Maintaining of the power relationship in an association 8.Disadvantages of Formal Communication (a)It is for the most part tedious, unwieldy and (b)Sometimes it prompts a decent arrangement of twisting on occasion Casual Communication 9.For effortlessness of understanding correspondence emerging out of each one of those channels of correspondence that fall outside the proper channels is known as casual correspondence. Casual correspondence incorporates examples of free over the top correspondence between individuals who share an easygoing compatibility with one another. By and large it is worked around the regular social relationship of individuals from an association. Casual correspondence requires two individuals to have a comparable frequency and henceforth happens among loved ones. Now and again, in casual correspondence, it is hard to fix duty about precision of data. Such correspondence is generally oral and might be secured even by straightforward look, signal or grin or quiet. It regularly works in gathering of individuals, for example at the point when one individual has some data of intrigue; he gives it to his casual gathering, etc. 10.Informal correspondence doesn't have any inflexible principles and rules. Casual discussions need not really have limits of time, place or even subjects so far as that is concerned since we as a whole realize that cordial visits with our friends and family can just continue forever. 11.Advantages of Informal CommunicationSome of the benefits of Informal correspondence are: (a)It goes about as an important reason in communicating certain data that can't be directed by means of the official channels (b)Informal correspondence additionally encourages to enhance administrative choices as more individuals are engaged with the procedure of dynamic 12.Disadvantages of Informal CommunicationInspite of numerous preferences, casual correspondence has certain weaknesses: (a)Informal correspondence contains realities, misleadings, gossipy tidbits and hazy information. (b)The casual channels of correspondence may transmit totally loose data that may hurt as opposed to support an association.

Development Assistance and Global Poverty †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Development Assistance and Global Poverty. Answer: Presentation The primary recommendation for this exposition is the reality of the world destitution. This has been a predictable worry on the foundation of the worldwide turn of events. Most created nations are enthusiastic about disposing of the worldwide neediness. The appropriation of economy is a significant issue in this factor. This is the reason the nations are attempting their best. Nonetheless, it is unreasonable idea to expel the destitution from the whole world. It is unreasonable in light of the fact that the worldwide economy and its inconsistent conveyance is for the most part answerable for this. This recommendation should be bolstered from all the points since the dissemination of the worldwide economy isn't letting the cash stream into the poor countries.[1] It has been seen that the vast majority of the African nations are experiencing financial issues and the individuals are especially poor over yonder. The nations and their kin don't reserve their privileges to land the positions. Because of the inconsistent dissemination of the cash, the quantity of violations is additionally expanding in these nations. The best way to cure this circumstance is to moderate the monetary issues. A portion of the nations are commonly attempting to actualize the projects of dispensing with the destitution from the whole world. Be that as it may, as straightforward as it is by all accounts, it is actually the opposite. The normal economy of the world is rising yet the dismal reality is it is just confined to a portion of the rich nations as it were. Poor people nations are not getting any brief look at this. They are diving into the profound pool of neediness. This is the reason they are extremely expectation on sparing their lives by carrying out a few sorts of wrongdoings in their nations. The downturn in the cutting edge world has additionally been a significant reason for this too. One thing additionally must be viewed as that a few people would likewise experience the ill effects of mishaps and their physical exercises can be harmed hence. They may lose their wellspring of pay and eventually jump in the city and ask. They pass on account of absence of care and this is exceptionally unforeseen and grievous as well.[2] The main thing that should be possible in this setting is the way that all the amazing worldwide pioneers and the extremely rich people ought to talk about among themselves and di scover a few different ways on how they could build the financial development everywhere throughout the nations. The assessors have discovered that numerous kids have been discovered keeping and ceasing to exist from hunger in the city. This draws out the terrible state of the poor nations everywhere. The state of the ghettos in numerous nations has been seen as so unfortunate that it is practically unhygienic and difficult to live properly.[3] The point can be stated that the expanding neediness is simply not an individual decision of the human beings.[4] This is totally the impression of the whole society and the situation of the poor monetary development. The overviews unveil the way that a large portion of the nations don't have the correct financial framework to give the employments to the adolescent. The wellbeing foundation of a portion of poor people nations is exceptionally awful too. The base of the issue is extremely profound. This is the reason the arrangement is by all accounts difficult to track down at the current moment.[5] It is chiefly because of the disappointment of the legislature policies.[6] In certain nations and a few segments of the general public, the birth rates have additionally become a tremendous part for sure. The legislatures can't give the best possible strategies that should control of births. This likewise turns into a significant purpose behind the destitution in the whole world. This is the reason it is said that destitution is simply not a term or word. It is a finished impression of the whole society. The imbalance among the various social orders has been a significant purpose behind the expanding neediness over the world. It is practically difficult to be annihilated totally yet the rate can be diminished. This paper can be finished up by saying that the most significant purposes behind the developing destitution over the world have been featured. It is practically difficult to end the social shrewdness of destitution yet it very well may be diminished to a limited degree. The circulation of cash over the world should be done appropriately to dispose of this emphatically. The accompanying article is about the expansion in the estrangement from the general public of the couple of individuals and the expanding instances of the psychological instabilities as the consequence of the current day free enterprise. The contemporary free enterprise impacts have increment a great deal in the cutting edge days. This has changed the whole social situation. The whole total populace is needing for private enterprise and this has enlivened the feeling of independence in among the people. The differentiating viewpoints to drive the general public are the communism and free enterprise. The suggestion for this exposition will be bolstered to be sure as it has made devastation in this society.[7] Expanded degrees of social distance and psychological maladjustment are inescapable results of contemporary private enterprise Purposes behind supporting the recommendation In this exposition the gave recommendation should be upheld. The impacts of private enterprise are actually quite brutal on this general public. As indicated by the adherents of Marxism, the significance of the term distance is the way that isolating the mass pay of the workers from their own made items. It must be comprehended that the devices or the apparatuses that the laborers handle or manage are not theirs. The items are not theirs too. All the apparatuses, hardware and the items consistently have a place with the individuals who have recruited them. They are known as the industrialists. All the things that are delivered originated from the endeavors of the human work. It is a cruel reality all the things around us are the things made by our hands and cerebrums. However we can't consider them our own in light of the fact that they don't have a place with us. They just have a place with the entrepreneur individuals. The procedure ought to be the way that the work and the results of work ought to be overwhelmed by the laborers. Anyway the thing is finished contrary.[8] According the communism summoned by Marx, the working environments are only the spots where the individuals need to go so as to satisfy their day by day requirements for cash and secure living. It ought to have been similar to a spot where they would need to go for improving their abilities and demonstrating themselves to be the individuals of brilliant strength on their work. The psychological and mental angles are significant things in this perspective as opposed to the expert viewpoints. On the off chance that the laborers and workers don't have the best possible satisfaction of their brains they can't fulfill their mental needs. The work that the laborers put in for their wages isn't at all willful. It is totally a constrained sort of labor.[9] This is the reason the laborers should do the work so as to run their families as it were. This isn't at all something innovative that can be ascribed to the working of the laborers.[10] After a specific purpose of time it is very unequivocal that those laborers will become weary of whatever they are doing and they might want to finish the work in a rush. The laborers don't feel anything inventive at whatever point they are finishing their works. This is the means by which they will proceed to accomplish their work and they will estrange from the general public. They won't have the option to speak with their fam ily members and neighbors. The only thing that is important to the laborers in this setting is the measure of cash the person gets for their endeavors. This will likewise bring about some dysfunctional behavior issues inside themselves.[11] The feeling of imagination among them before long will be wiped out and the requirement for material fulfillment will have that spot. He will start to feel that he is distant from everyone else in the entire world. The devotees of private enterprise consistently view their workers only a device for creation that will assist them with getting all the benefits in the market. This is the reason they are just worried about their methods for their benefits and the manners in which they will accomplish it. The business people have changed over everything into just items that has diminished the setting of mental fulfillment among the laborers. End It very well may be reasoned that the impacts of free enterprise have been essential in controlling the states of mind of the individuals or the workers.[12] because of private enterprise, they just transform into machines and they are seen negligible parts of the creation to their industrialist managers. They are constrained by the business people and the amount of the creation matters to them instead of the quality. This has made them distanced from society and they experience the ill effects of dysfunctional behaviors also. References Althusser, Louis.Reading Capital: The Complete Edition. Verso Books, 2016. Choonara, Joseph.Unravelling free enterprise: A manual for Marxist political economy. Bookmarks, 2017. Dogra, Nandita. Portrayals of worldwide destitution: Aid, advancement and universal NGOs.Representations78076 (2012): 773-4. Fisher, Eran. How Less Alienation Creates More Exploitation? Crowd Labor on Social Network Sites.tripleC: Communication, Capitalism Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society10.2 (2012): 171-183. Gilabert, Pablo.From worldwide destitution to worldwide uniformity: A philosophical investigation. Oxford University Press on Demand, 2012. Hulme, David.Global destitution: How worldwide administration is bombing poor people. Routledge, 2012. Kanbur, Ravi, and Andy Sumner. Poor nations or destitute individuals? Improvement help and the new geology of worldwide poverty.Journal of International Development24.6 (2012): 686-695. Kaplinsky, Raphael.Globalization, destitution and imbalance: Between two difficult situations. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Martineau, Jonathan.Time, free enterprise and distance: A socio-chronicled investigation into the creation of present day time. Brill, 2015. Rogers, Anne, and David Pilgrim.A human science of psychological wellness and sickness. McGraw-Hill Education (UK), 2014. Smith, Stephen C.Ending worldwide destitution: A manual for what works. St. Martin's Press, 2015. Sullivan, Thomas J.Introduction

Corporate Strategy - Free Essay Example

Q1:Explain what you understand by corporate strategy? Ans:Corporate strategy deals with the specification of a company,or the best product of a company that can help the company to deal or compete with other companies. There are several ways that a company can adopt .A company could compete with other companies by minimizing the cost of its product or by increasing the quality of the product or by attracting the customers by advertisement.(467) 2. Describe the different types of corporate strategy that a firm can adopt.? Ans:There are three most common corporate strategies that a firm can adopt: . Horizontal integration Verticle integration Diversification There are two major types of corporate strategies like single business and diversified.(448) 3. Provide a critical assessment of the usefulness of institutional theory for explaining cross-national differences and similarities in corporate strategy? Ans:Organizations are deeply rooted in Insitutional environment.It is widely accepted that national institutions strongly influence the behavior of firms. The institutional environment constructed by these institutions is or is not the same as a country. Some institutions, such as government policy, can vary within a country.For example, the state of Delaware has corporate laws that differ from those of most other states in the USA. Therefore, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms in Delaware face an insti- tutional environment that differs from the ones in other US states. ‘However many of the key institutions that structure economic relationships vary signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cantly between nation states’. Among these key institutions, a difference can be discerned between institutions that structure general patterns of trust, cooperation, identity and subordination in a society, and those that are more directly involved in the economic system and constitute the more direct business environment. Because our aim is to focus on institutions that are able to explain differences in corporate strategies, we will focus on the latter institutions, which Whitley calls ‘proximate social institutions’. The three major categories these institutions can be divided into are the political system, the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system and the labour system. In order to explain differences in corporate strategies between various countries, several scholars have identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed various institutional factors. (454) 4. Explain how the political, financial and labour market systems have an impact on the corporate strategies of firms. Ans: Political system Government policy can have a strong impact on co rporate strategies. Anti- trust laws can inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence corporate strategy. willingness of a government to share economic risks with private à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms is important. tax laws can have an inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on corporate strategy, especially on the level of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Financial system The way the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system in a country functions can also have an impact on corporate strategies, especially on the level of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation in a country. Another aspect of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system that can have an impact on corporate straegies is the market for corporate control. When there is a highly developed market for corporate control, it is easier for à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms to undertake hostile take-overs and, thus, easier to get access to other industries. Therefore, a highly developed market for corporate control can lead to more diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a highly devel- oped market for corporate control also makes it easier to break up conglomerates through a hostile take-over and, by doing so, to end diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Ownership and boards are also mentioned as institutional factors that have an inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on corporate strategies. Labour System: The labour system also inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uences corporate strategy. The way management development is organized can inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence the way managers rate different directions of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation.(455-456) 5. Evaluate how industrial organization theory, transaction cost economics and agency theory can help to explain corporate strategy? Ans: Industrial Organization Theory: The structure of an industry determines the behaviour of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms active in that industry, which, in turn, drives their performance. For example, if the concentration in the industry is low (i.e. there are many competitors with small market shares), à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms are expected to engage in à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ erce competition, which reduces their proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ tability. In this view, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms diversify because this gives access to market power, which reduces competition and, consequently, boosts their performance). Diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬  ed à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms can use several instruments to reduce competition). Cross-subsidization involves the use of proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ts gained in one industry to support activities in another. Specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cally, a diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can afford ‘predatory pricing’, charging low prices that attract many customers, but do not cover all the costs. A single-business competitor, which presumably lacks the ‘deep pockets’ required to sustain low price levels, may eventually be forced to exit the industry. Transaction cost economics: In theory, activities in two different industries could be assigned to two independent à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms. Any necessary coordination between the two à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms could take place via the market. Agency theory Agency theory: Interests mattersfor everyone. Revolves around the conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ict of interest between principal and agent. The agent is hired to perform some activity on behalf of the principal, but the agent also has his or her personal interests, which may urge him or her not to act in the best interests of the principal. (469-471) 6. Evaluate the explanatory power of dominant logic, the resource-based view, organizational learning and strategic contingency theory in the area of compara- tive corporate strategy? Dominant logic: A dominant general management logic is deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ned as ‘the way in which managers conceptualise the business and make critical resource allocation decisions’. For corporate strategy, the implication is that the dominant logic of a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s top management team drives the portfolio of businesses that can be managed successfully. If the top management team has a single dominant logic, the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm should either stick to one business or diversify into businesses with similar strategic characteristics. Diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation into businesses with different strategic characteristics can only be successful if the top management team adopts multiple dominant logics, which, in turn, at least requires altering the composition of the top management team.Dominant logic could explain the success of some conglomerates with small head ofà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ces with limited management capacity. Their businesses may appear unrelated, but could, in fact, be strategically very similar. Moreover, dominant logic may explain the failure of takeovers that, beforehand, seem to offer a large potential for synergies. After the take-over, the businesses turn out to require different dominant logics, which the top management team cannot provide. Resource-based view: The resource-based view of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can be seen as a response to the dominant inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm behaviour and performance that industrial economics assigns to the industry. Instead, the resource-based view emphasizes a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s resources. If the resources possess certain characteristics, such as non-tradability, non-substitutability and non-imitability, they can serve as the source of competitive advantage for a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm.A à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can use its excess capacity in resources in a different industry, leading to diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation , More à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible resources – in particular, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial resources – can also be used for unrelated diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation .Finally, only if the resources that are used for diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation have the characteristics required for competitive advantage, will diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ - cation increase à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm performance. Organizational learning perspective: The underlying premise of the organizational learning perspective is that organizations can learn from experience, which translates into future actions and their success.The organizational learning perspective ha s not been established as an important explanation of corporate strategy, but it does provide an interesting direction for future research. Strategic contingency theory: The à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nal explanation of corporate strategy is provided by strategic contingency theory. The underlying notion is that a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ t between a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s strategy, on the one hand, and external and internal conditions or contingencies, on the other, increases performance. Consequently, corporate strategy can be seen as a response to various external and internal contingencies. Relevant external contingencies are government policy and market failure. An important aspect of government policy is anti-trust law. Through anti-trust law, policy-makers try to prevent large concentrations of power in an industry. If anti-trust policy is stringent and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms still want to grow, they are forced to expand in a different industry and thus diversify. Market failure as a n incentive for diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation has already been discussed under transaction cost economics, above. If markets fail, coordination of activities in different industries within a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm is more efà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cient. The à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm then becomes diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed.(471-473) Q7: Legitimize your own theoretical choice for understanding corporate strategy? Ans: Political system: Best choice for understanding the corporate strategy in Political system,Because In political system anti trust law can influence the corporate strategy.Willingness of Government is also very important.Tax system also influence the corporate strategy indirectly.(455) Q8. Assess whether and why corporate strategies will converge or diverge across countries? Ans:Corporate strategies diverge in countries because political system,Financial system,management systems are different for different countries.(467)

Essay on Myth of the Fortunate Fall in John Milton’s...

Myth of the Fortunate Fall in Paradise Lost From this descent / Celestial Virtues rising, will appear / More glorious . . . than from no fall. (ii. 14-16)1These are Satans words to the fallen angels in Paradise Lost. Satan claims that their fall from Heaven will seem like a fortunate fall, in that their new rise to power will actually be more glorious than if they had stayed in Heaven all the while. Can we, as fallen humans, possibly make Satans words our own, even if it is not our own work but Gods that causes our rising; or, if we do claim a fortunate fall, have we been beguiled by Satan to rejoice in our fallen state? While it is common among beguiled critics to claim that Paradise Lost presents the Fall as†¦show more content†¦Worse, as time passes, the scale shall dip farther downward before it can ascend. Sin will reign among men because of the Fall (xii. 285-86). No man or woman shall ever be as good or as fair as Adam and Eve (though this is not necessarily a result of the Fall; iv. 323-24). Michael tells Adam , Since thy original lapse, true liberty/Is lost. Liberty (with political overtones here) is lost because liberty is tied to right reason and depends on reason to moderate the passions. But now that sin is in the world, the passions often eclipse reason. The passions forever after will to servitude reduce/Man till then free (xii. 83-90). Worst of all, the Fall is most fortunate, throughout the entire history of the world, until the final triumph, not for mankind but for Sin and Death, and most of the time for the demons as well (x. 270 ff.). Thou hast achieved our liberty (x. 368), Satans progeny say as they thank him for orchestrating the Fall. What good can there be amongst so much evil? In fact, God makes a point of sending Raphael to Adam and Eve for the express purpose of encouraging obedience and warning against the Fall. Raphael is armed with compelling evidence, too; he explains the results of disobedience for Satan and the fallen angels. Thus mankind should fear to transgress (vi. 906-12; vii. 44-45). What trips up the critics is not that the Fall is evil, however, but that out of such an evil God can bring forth good (i. 163, vii.Show MoreRelatedFall from Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost2859 Words   |  12 PagesFall From Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost Can Satan -- a being, so evil that even as an Ethereal being of Heaven, who was cast out of Gods grace - be a hero? John Miltons Satan in Paradise Lost is very much a romanticized character within the epic poem, and there has been much debate since the poems publishing in 1667 over Miltons sentiments and whether Satan is the protagonist or a hero. As an angel in God the Fathers Heaven, Satan rose up with a group

The Privacy Of The Internet - 1737 Words

If a casual user of the internet were to Google a search for the word â€Å"privacy† as of June 2015, there would be close to 2 billion hits. Discussions of privacy, piracy and internet breaches are everywhere. The numerous Google hits show there is nearly universal agreement that (1) we have less privacy and more information than we used to, and (2) this is bad.Information itself is, of course, not bad, but as we have witnessed recently, even personnel record maintained by the United States government are subject to unethical hacking by all sorts of unscrupulous individuals and governments. Clearly, privacy is something that a great many people and businesses are concerned about. Whilenew information technologies (IT) have created the possibility of making lives easier or better, new IT has also created new conflicts with our existing business and personal norms, and laws and our traditional ethical principles. IT has even caused the creation of a new fieldâ€Å"Information Systems Ethics† to cover these changes ( ). Privacy concern is not a new phenomenon especially in the United States. However the nature of the privacyconcern has changed over time. The founders of the United States were so concerned about privacy that privacy protection is incorporated in the First Amendment to the Constitution. guarantees of religious freedom speak to concerns about the private right to practice religious beliefs as well as the right to be free from governmental impositions of religiousShow MoreRelatedInternet Privacy And The Internet1895 Words   |  8 PagesInternet privacy is an issue that has constantly taken up a portion of the world stage for many years. Legislators are even now trying to find the delicate balance between Internet privacy and Internet security. 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Incorrect Administration Of S8 Medication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Incorrect Administration Of An S8 Medication. Answer: Description The case study is based on an error in medication, which is on an incorrect administration of an S8 drug. The incident involved a newly graduated nurse and Mary who is her colleague. The registered nurse has been working for six months and receiving full support from the Nurse Unit Manager, this implies that, the nurse had some prior experience and knowledge on protocols to be used in drug administration before. The nurse has a good working relationship with the other nurses. During one of her medical rounds in the wards, Mary requested the nurse to conduct an S8 drug check. As the graduated nurse also wanted to administer her patient with the similar medication of S8, she agreed to go to the drug cupboard together. Both Mary and the graduated nurse refer to the medical charts of their patients so that they can know the drugs they were to administer the patients. Mary needed Endone 5mg, she counted the drugs and placed them in the drug cup, similary, she counts the medication needed by the graduated nurses patient, which is Targin 5/2.5mg and places it in a different drug cup. Mary hen locked the medication cupboard carrying with her the medical charts for both patients. Mary and the graduated nurse start by attending Marys patient . They follow the medical rpocedures before giving the patient the medication. On ensuring the patient has taken the drugs, they note on the register before moving to the next patient where they conduct drug check and patient identification. Unfortunately, the graduated nurse realized that they had done an error in medication. the graduated nurse had given Marys patient Targin instead of Endone. Mary questions the graduated nurses competence in handling medication. she feels dispirited but she has to report the incident to the Unit Nurse Manager so that an immediate action can be taken to ensure the safety of the patient. Factors leading to the Incident The major factor leading to the incident is the failure to carry out the three drug check properly. Despite the nurses conducting the drug check, they never did it effectively leading to error in medication. The three drug check requires nurses to check the drugs three times before giving them to the patients, this means that, the drug should be checked before and after administering (Excellence, 2013). The aim is to ensure that the right drug and dosage is administered to the right patient at the right time and through the right method (Westbrook, Lehnbom, Baysari, Braithwaite, Burke Day, 2015). The first check that the nurses should have done was to take the drugs from the medical cupboard and compare it to what is given in the patients medical record to check if they are agreeing. The second check would have been done before giving it to the patient and the third check was to check the drug after administering it to the patient (Kim Bates, 2013). Mary and the graduate nurse cond ucted the first drug check when retrieving it from the medical cupboard, which they compare to what is given in the medical chart. However, the nurse fails o conduct the second drug check which is done right before giving the patient the medication. In this case, the nurse does not identify the correct S8 medication for her patients as she does not take her time to check the drug label for the second time before giving it to her patient. Error in medication can be detrimental, therefore, it is imperative for healthcare providers to conduct the three drug check in order to avoid such mistakes (McLeod, Barber Franklin, 2013). The other factor that had contributed to the error is the failure by the nurses to execute their duties autonomously. Each nurse was assigned their specific patient and each nurse was supposed to administer the S8 medication to their assigned patient. In this case, after taking the drugs from the cupboard, each nurse could have confirmed the drugs meant for their patient . However, this was not done. Mary allowed the registered nurse to administer the drugs on her behalf, which is a mistake. If she had administered the medication herself, she would have been in a better position to identify the drugs before giving it to the patient. therefore, it is imperative for nurses to execute their duties independently to avoid confusions and errors in medication (Alsulami, Choonara Conroy, 2014). Finally, lack of pharmaceutical knowledge played a role in the incident. From the case study analysis, the graduated nurse had been working in the wards for only six months, this means that, she might have lacked the pharmaceutical experience and knowledge in drug administration. Such knowledge is essential for healthcare providers to identify drugs. Therefore, it is important for nurses to enhance their pharmaceutical knowledge to enable them differentiate between medications (Ashcroft, Lewis,Tully, Farragher, Taylor, Wass Dornan, 2015). What I would have done differently In my future practice as a nurse, I will make sure I follow the three drug check to avoid mistakes. For instance, I had two medical cups, therefore, I would have been keen on the drug I was administering to the patient. One of the best way I will do this is by being careful when preparing the medication for my patients and by following drug administration procedures. According to the NSQHS standards on the safety of medication states that healthcare providers should follow the three drug check when giving patients medications to avoid mistakes (Flanigan, 2016). In this case, to avoid such mistakes from happening, first, during the medical checks, I will confirm more than ones to ensure the right patient receives the correct medication. in addition, I will also ensure that I follow the proper procedures when administering drugs, which include giving the right medication to the right patient, at a correct dose, and at the right time. For instance, in the incidence, two patients were re ceiving medication which is almost similar, I would have advised the nurses to label the drugs according to the drug names. By doing so, it would have been easier for the graduated nurse to identify which medication belonged to which patient. In addition, at the bed side before giving the patient the medication, I could have used patient identifiers to enable me identify the correct drug I was giving the patient. the most ideal ways to identify the patient is by checking their identification number or name either verbally, manually, or electronically to ensure the patients details are correct before giving them the medicine. Also, drug confirmation is imperative as it reduces confusions, which can lead to errors (Nanji, Patel, Shaikh, Seger Bates, 2016). In this case, if I was in this kind of situation, I would have confirmed the drugs before giving them to the patients. Alternatively, instead of me giving the medication to both patients, I would have requested Mary to administer the medication to her patient as I did to mine to avoid confusions. In addition, I would have considered revising on my pharmaceutical knowledge in order to broaden my knowledge on drugs and medication. Finally, according to the NMBA codes of professional conduct and standards, it is important for healthcare providers to follow protocol when administering medication (AustralianNursing Council, 2003) . For instance, each nurse was assigned specific patients and no nurse should handle the others patient unless proper communication is given from the doctor. In this case, I would have let Mary to handle her patient as I handled mine in order to avoid confusions. References AustralianNursing Council. (2003).Code of professional conduct for nurses in Australia. Dickson, ACT: The Council, 2(4) 45-98 Ashcroft, D. M., Lewis, P. J., Tully, M. P., Farragher, T. M., Taylor, D., Wass, V., Dornan, T. (2015). Prevalence, nature, severity and risk factors for prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: prospective study in 20 UK hospitals.Drug safety,38(9), 833-843. Alsulami, Z., Choonara, I., Conroy, S. (2014). Pediatric nurses adherence to the double?checking process during medication administration in a children's hospital: an observational study.Journal of advanced Nursing,70(6), 1404-1413. Banks, M. (2016).Isqua16-2476 Improving The Safety And Quality Of Health Care For Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People Using The Australian National Safety And Quality Health Service Standards .International Journal for Quality in Health Care,28(suppl_1), 55-55. Excellence, B. P. (2013). The Joint Commission announces 2014 national patient safety goal.Joint Commission Perspectives. Flanigan, K. (2016). NSQHS standard-patient identification.ACORN: The Journal of PerioperativeNursing in Australia,29(1), 23. Keers, R. N., Williams, S. D., Cooke, J., Ashcroft, D. M. (2013). Causes of medication administration errors in hospitals: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence.Drug safety,36(11), 1045-1067. Keers, R. N., Williams, S. D., Cooke, J., Walsh, T., Ashcroft, D. M. (2014). Impact of interventions designed to reduce medication administration errors in hospitals: a systematic review.Drug safety,37(5), 317-332 Kim, J., Bates, D. W. (2013). Medication administration errors by nurses: adherence to guidelines.Journal of Clinical Nursing,22(3-4), 590-598. McLeod, M. C., Barber, N., Franklin, B. D. (2013). Methodological variations and their effects on reported medication administration error rates.BMJ Qual Saf,22(4), 278-289. Nanji, K. C., Patel, A., Shaikh, S., Seger, D. L., Bates, D. W. (2016). Evaluation of perioperative medication errors and adverse drug events.The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists,124(1), 25-34. Westbrook, J. I., Li, L., Lehnbom, E. C., Baysari, M. T., Braithwaite, J., Burke, R., ... Day, R. O. (2015). What are incident reports telling us? A comparative study at two Australian hospitals of medication errors identified at audit, detected by staff and reported to an incident system.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(1), 1-9.